A paragliding flight over the Mussel Rock
Gliding Bluffs in Pacifica, California
In
flatter countryside, pilots can also be launched with a tow. Once at full
height (towing can launch pilots up to 3000 feet altitude), the pilot pulls a
release cord, and the towline falls away. This requires separate training, as
flying on a winch has quite different characteristics from free flying. There
are two major ways to tow: pay-in and pay-out towing. Pay-in towing involves a
stationary winch that winds in the towline and thereby pulls the pilot in the
air. The distance between winch and pilot at the start is around 500 metres or
more. Pay-out towing involves a moving object, like a car or a boat, that pays
out line slower than the speed of the object, thereby pulling the pilot up in
the air. In both cases, it is very important to have a gauge indicating line
tension to avoid pulling the pilot out of the air. Another form of towing is
"static line" towing. This involves a moving object, like a car or a
boat, attached to a paraglider or hang glider with a fixed-length line. 浦东新区口碑好滑翔伞价格
Europe has seen the greatest growth in
paragliding, with France alone registering in 2011 over 25,000 active pilots.
Wing
Cross section of a paraglider
Transverse cross section showing parts of a
paraglider:
1) upper surface
2) lower surface
3) rib
4) diagonal rib
5) upper line cascade
6) middle line cascade
7) lower line cascade
8) risers
The paraglider wing or canopy is usually
what is known in engineering as a "ram-air airfoil". Such wings
comprise two layers of fabric that are connected to internal supporting
material in such a way as to form a row of cells. By leaving most of the cells
open only at the leading edge, incoming air keeps the wing inflated, thus
maintaining its shape. When inflated, the wing's cross-section has the typical
teardrop aerofoil shape. Modern paraglider wings are made of high-performance
non-porous materials such as ripstop polyester[12] or nylon fabric.[note 1]
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Forward launch
In low winds, the wing is inflated with a
forward launch, where the pilot runs forward with the wing behind so that the
air pressure generated by the forward movement inflates the wing.
It is often easier, because the pilot only
has to run forward, but the pilot cannot see his wing until it is above him,
where he has to check it in a very short time for correct inflation and
untangled lines before the launch.
Reverse launch
File:Paraglider launch Mam T
Paraglider reverse launch, Mam Tor, England
In higher winds, a reverse launch is used,
with the pilot facing the wing to bring it up into a flying position, then
turning around under the wing and running to complete the launch.
In some modern paragliders (from the 1990s
onwards), especially higher-performance wings, some of the cells of the leading
edge are closed to form a cleaner aerodynamic profile. Holes in the internal
ribs allow a free flow of air from the open cells to these closed cells to
inflate them, and also to the wingtips, which are also closed.[13]
The pilot is supported underneath the wing
by a network of suspension lines. These start with two sets of risers made of
short (40 cm) lengths of strong webbing. Each set is attached to the harness by
a carabiner, one on each side of the pilot, and each riser of a set is generally
attached to lines from only one row of its side of wing. At the end of each
riser of the set, there is a small delta maillon with a number (2 – 5) of lines
attached, forming a fan. These are typically 4 – 5 metres long, with the end
attached to 2 − 4 further lines of around 2 m, which are again joined to a
group of smaller, thinner lines. In some cases this is repeated for a fourth
cascade.
滑翔伞在“大耳朵”机动
在不加速的情况下，正常飞行会拉动外部A线，使翼尖向内折叠，这将大大减小滑行角，而前进速度*会小幅下降。随着有效机翼面积的减小，机翼载荷增加，并且变得更加稳定。但是，迎角增加了，飞行器更接近失速速度，但是可以通过应用速度杆来改善，这也增加了下降速度。释放管路时，机翼会重新膨胀。如有必要，在制动器上短暂抽气有助于重新进入正常飞行。与其他技术相比，机翼大了，机翼仍然向前滑动，这使飞行员可以离开危险区域。例如，如果飞行员必须抵抗斜坡上的上升气流，这种方式甚至可以降落。
B线失速
在B线停转中，从前缘/前端起的第二组立管（B线）**于其他立管被下拉，其中特定的线用于启动停转。这在翼上产生翼展方向的折痕，从而使气流与翼的上表面分离。它显着降低了顶篷产生的升力，从而导致更高的下降率。这可能是费力的动作，因为必须将这些B线保持在该位置，并且机翼的张力会在这些线上施加向上的力。必须小心处理这些线的释放，以免引起机翼向前飞快射击，然后飞行员可能掉入其中。现在这已经不那么流行了，因为它在机翼的内部结构上引起了高负荷。
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浦东新区口碑好滑翔伞价格
The next step in the launch is to bring the
wing into the lift zone. There are two techniques for accomplishing this
depending on wind conditions. In light wind this is usually done after turning
to the front, steering with the feet towards the low wing tip, and applying
light brakes in a natural sense to keep the wing horizontal. In stronger wind
conditions it is often found to be easier to remain facing downwind while
moving slowly and steadily backwards into the wind.
Knees bent to load the wing, foot
adjustments to remain central and minimum use of Cs or Brakes to keep the wing
horizontal. Pirouette when the feet are close to lifting. This option has two
distinct advantages. a) The pilot can see the wing centre marker (an aid to
centring the feet) and, if necessary, b) the pilot can move briskly towards the
wing to assist with an emergency deflation.
With either method it is essential to check
"traffic" across the launch face before committing to flight.
浦东新区口碑好滑翔伞价格
上海翼舞航空科技有限公司致力于运动、休闲，是一家生产型公司。公司自成立以来，以质量为发展，让匠心弥散在每个细节，公司旗下动力伞，滑翔伞，飞行，热汽球深受客户的喜爱。公司秉持诚信为本的经营理念，在运动、休闲深耕多年，以技术为先导，以自主产品为重点，发挥人才优势，打造运动、休闲良好品牌。翼舞凭借创新的产品、专业的服务、众多的成功案例积累起来的声誉和口碑，让企业发展再上新高。